, prevention and control in our hospitals, have left South Africa, like the rest of the international community, on the brink of returning to an era of stubbornly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Illnesses can be defeated or endured, if they are embraced. Denied or feared, they can grow and make management difficult for scientists. South African mortality rates have been increasing for years due to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of the improper use of antibiotics that give pathogenic bacteria the ability to resist the effects of an antibiotic. Resistance occurs when bacteria change in such a way that they survive exposure to antibiotics. Resistance may not be limited to a single antibiotic, but may affect multiple antimicrobial classes. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem and everyone must work together to fight it, from doctors to patients. To get a clear understanding of how pathogenic bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, you first need to understand how antibiotics work. Antibiotics are produced to interact with a specific target molecule produced by bacteria. The target molecule runs the protoplasm in the bacterium which is the driving cause of cell growth and survival of the pathogen. Antibiotics hinder the growth and survival of bacteria so that the bacteria can die. To inhibit the function of the target, an antibiotic must do three things. First it must reach the site of the target molecule. Second, the antibiotic must persist at the site for it to have its effect. Third, the antibiotic must prevent the proper formation of cell walls and stop the metabolic processes performed by the bacteria to prevent protein synthesis. Antibiotics...... focus of article ...... in one survey, it was estimated that more than half of American adults taking antibiotics failed to complete their prescribed dosage. Combining all these solutions, the pharmaceutical industry needs to conduct extensive research on the development of new antibiotics for various pathogenic bacteria by studying the bacterial structure. This will help scientists formulate ways to counteract the functions of the bacteria's various constituents. The exacerbating effects and devastation caused by bacteria such as Mycobacterium, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus anthracis, Xylophilus ampelinus, etc., pose the growing threat of drug resistance in many parts of the world. Identifying and addressing barriers to effective and timely diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant diseases will be critical to preventing the further emergence of disease strains with broad-spectrum resistance.