The science that deals with the study of materials or any particle so small and measured on a nanometric scale is called “nanoscience”. The study of very small particles and their chemical and physical changes at the nanoscale is not an easy task. Nanotechnology studies the big picture of those tiny particles, manipulating them to advance new devices and materials. The name “nanotechnology” was created in 1974 (). But the concept of manipulating nanoparticles has existed for centuries, mainly in examples of workmanship: the 4th century Lycurgus cup, 13th-18th century Damascus saber blades, and so on. The introduction of nanotechnology would bring multiple benefits to society in many sectors such as energy production and conservation, pollution remediation and medicine (). The danger that is associated with this beneficial science must be understood before their use becomes prevalent. Environmental scientists who are concerned about organismal health and environmental risks are researching and accessing the toxicity, distribution, and fate of nanoparticles released into the environment. The properties of nanoparticles can have a negative impact on the environment. The surface effects of nanoparticles are both favorable and unfavorable. When exposed to tissues or cells of the body, they are adsorbed on their surface, so they are widely used in the medical field for drug delivery (). By crossing the cell membrane or entering the bloodstream, nanoparticles can affect other organs. Another important property is high solubility which is advantageous and reduces toxicity, but there are some nanoparticles that do not dissolve easily or degrade, which can lead to accumulation in the body or the environment ().. ..... middle of paper.. ....system and chemical impacts on the ecosystem.() In the aquatic ecosystem, together with silver nanoparticles, nanocopper also damages the cell membrane and DNA at the cellular level. It also affects the fecundity, physiology and survival of many aquatic organisms including crustaceans, mussels and many fish species. () Nanoparticles cause damage after chronic exposure. (8) When AgNP is present in salt water, toxicity is reduced compared to fresh water. The high ionic strength of the Ag+ ion creates a bond between the ion and the anion. This will reduce the interaction of Ag+ in the gill where the cause of toxicity begins. In freshwater, due to anion reduction, the Ag+ ion competes with other cations for gill binding sites. Silver ions inhibit the activity of the sodium/potassium ATPase, resulting in reduced absorption of sodium and chloride ions. Gill is therefore the main site of the acute toxic action of silver ions.