Theory and Technical Background The Uni-Minn Development Corporation was asked to design a filter system capable of filtering 500 gallons per hour of a slurry solution containing the 4% Celite-500 (17.3 μm particle diameter) by mass. The large-scale filtration system shall be of the rotating drum type and capable of continuous operation. Two days of bench-scale testing was performed at the Unit Operations Laboratory of the Uni-Minn Development Corporation to determine the parameters needed for scale-up. Basic Filtration Theory Filtration is a mechanical separation process that separates two suspension phases from each other.[7] Filtration plays a vital role throughout industry and is particularly important in water treatment, paper production, and mineral processing.[8] Filtration is used to recover solids, to clarify liquids, or to recover both phases .The filtration apparatus in the Uni-Minn Development Cooperation Unit Operational Laboratory is a vertical pressure leaf filter. Specific details of the apparatus are contained in the apparatus subsection, but a basic schematic is shown in Figure 1.1 below. Vacuum is used to force the flow of a slurry solution through a filter media with cross-sectional area A. From the top of the filter flows a volume, V, of filtrate. A filter panel of length L is formed at the bottom of the filter medium. The figure is drawn during the filtration cycle. Figure 1.1 – Configuration of the vertical pressure lamella apparatus. The filter cake that forms at the bottom of the filter medium can be modeled as a compact bed of particles. Therefore, the Carmen-Kozeny relation holds for laminar flow in a compact bed of particles.[4] That is, pc  k1 v 1    S022(1)[4]3Lw...... half of the document ......terial.[3]Error analysisThe uncertainty associated with the laboratory measurements can be determined by taking multiple measurements. For a measurement repeated n times, the average is defined as nXi(22)Xi1where the Xi are the experimental measurements. The standard deviation, s, can be calculated using the formulan (X s(24 )where t is the appropriate value from the Student's t table. The error can also be propagated during calculations. When two values ​​with errors e1 and e2 are added, the resulting error, e, ise  e1  e2(25)When two values, x1 and x2, with errors e1 and e2 are multiplied, the resulting error, e, is22  e1   e2 e  x1 x2    x1   x2 (26)