As shown in the illustration above, the exhaust system for the automobile usually consists of the following components: Header and exhaust manifold Exhaust pipes and elbows Catalytic converter Center pipe Muffler pipe Tail Furthermore, the exhaust system is divided into three sections with different requirements as follows-High temperature section: It consists of exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, diesel particulate filter. It should have high resistance to fouling and a low tendency to embrittlement. Central section: contains pre-muffler and connecting pipe. It should be resistant to high temperatures and corrosionFinal section: The rear silencer and tailpipe form the final section. It should be resistant to wet corrosion from the inside and brine corrosion from the outsideExhaust ManifoldsAlthough the manifolds are mounted on the engine and often misinterpreted as a part of the engine, they are indeed a key component of the exhaust system. The collectors have the function of collecting the exhaust/combusted gases coming from the cylinders and transferring them into a single pipe. Manifolds are generally made of cast iron based on the following design criteria: use a minimum amount of metal, take up a minimum amount of space, and have minimal manufacturing costs. These design criteria make the collector less efficient due to the time difference between burning and burning. gas exhaust. This also leads to back pressure. Different countries have different nomenclatures, for example, the pipe connected to the exhaust manifold is called the engine pipe while the gas emission pipe is called the tail pipe in Australia.ManifoldsManifolds are circular in shape and are made up of bends and bends. in the path of the tube... in the center of the paper... oxidation catalyst. Platinum is used for both reduction and oxidation.Figure 2: Catalytic converter [ ]MufflerThe muffler is the main component of the exhaust system. It works to reduce the noise produced in the engine during the combustion process. Since the muffler has a larger cross section, when sound waves enter the muffler they break up, decreasing the noise level. The following figure shows the muffler in the design and construction section of this document. Reducing the sound level without back pressure is always a challenge, so thicker materials are used to achieve a more efficient design with better manufacturing techniques.