One of the most discussed topics over the past four decades is advances in genetic engineering. Stem cells were discovered in the mid-1800s and subjected to experimentation in the early 1900s, only in recent decades have they truly captured the imagination of medical researchers and the public. Today, our understanding of these cells is greatly expanding and research has multiplied, as their potential becomes increasingly clear. Stem cell research grew out of the discoveries of Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s. “And what's remarkable about the discovery itself is that we are just starting to realize the potential of stem cells for medicine. In the 1960s, scientists recognized that Drs. Till and McCulloch's discovery was important, but I don't think anyone could have imagined that after more than 45 years their work would still lay the foundation for new ideas, new strategies, even new research institutes built around the root concept. cells." says Dr. Bob Phillips, deputy director of the OICR and a former colleague of Till and McCulloch at the Ontario Cancer Institute. cells in adult organisms. This promising area of ​​science is also leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell therapies for cure them diseases, which is often called regenerative or restorative medicine. There is genuine scientific enthusiasm about the idea of ​​using the body's cellular building blocks to regenerate damaged or aging organs. Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today like… middle of paper… cells are further along in the developmental process Adult stem cells come from mature adults. These can also be called multipotent stem cells, since the number of cell types they can differentiate into is limited. Adult stem cells serve as a new source of cells in living organisms. They replace cells that need to be replaced regularly in a living organism, such as blood (which has a lifespan of 120 days) and other connective tissues. It is generally believed that adult stem cell therapies will complement but not replace embryonic stem cell therapies. An advantage of adult stem cells is that they offer the opportunity to use small adult tissue samples of the patient's cells for expansion and subsequent implantation. This avoids the ethical issues of embryonic stem cells, as well as the issues that accompany allogeneic donations.