Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone or bone marrow. Osteomyelitis is a very destructive disease that affects the skeletal system. The bones of the skeletal system most commonly affected are the long bones. Osteomyelitis can be caused by a bone fracture or even a hospital stay. The overall prevalence of osteomyelitis in the general population is approximately 1 in 5,000 patients, while in newborns it is approximately 1 in 1,000. (Mantero) This article will explain the types, causes, individuals at risk, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis has three types: acute, subacute and chronic. All three types begin at different times after an injury, an initial infection, or the onset of an underlying disease. Acute osteomyelitis develops within two weeks. Subacute osteomyelitis develops within one to two months. Chronic osteomyelitis begins at least after two months. Osteomyelitis is mainly caused by bacteria. In most cases, the bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus is to blame. (WebMD) Some cases may be caused by fungi or other germs. The bacteria can spread to bones from infected skin, muscles, and tendons near the bone. The infection can travel through the blood and spread to the bones, or surgery can also cause osteomyelitis. If metal is used during the surgery or there is an open fracture, the bone is exposed to air where bacteria can enter. Osteomyelitis does not affect one person over another. It can occur in adults, children, and even newborns. In children, osteomyelitis occurs as an acute condition resulting from a complication of a pre-existing blood infection called hematogenous osteomyelitis. Subacute and chronic osteomyelitis is more common in adults and is usually caused by… middle of paper… the surgeon will remove any infected bone possible, as well as any infected tissue within it. area. The open space left after bone removal can be filled with bone graft or filling material. The graft will help form new bone and help the body repair damaged blood vessels. Metal rods, plates, and screws may be needed to stabilize the bone and graft. If the infection persists, it may sometimes be necessary to amputate all or part of the infected limb. (MNT) If osteomyelitis is diagnosed early enough, the prognosis is good. Patients usually recover completely. The most important aspect of osteomyelitis recovery depends on the patient's care of their body. Eating a well-balanced diet will strengthen your immune system, quitting smoking will help your circulation, good hygiene will protect you from infections and regular exercise can also help your immune system.