Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton was born in 1642, the same year that Galileo died, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, on Christmas Day. He is considered one of the greatest scientists in history. As an English mathematician and physicist, Newton made important contributions to many fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for much of the scientific progress made since his time. Newton's three most important offerings concern the resolution of the mystifications of light and optics, the formulation of his three laws of motion, and the derivation from them of the law of universal gravitation. Furthermore, he also contributed greatly to the fields of mathematics. While still a student at Cambridge University in 1664, he had a great interest in the mysteries of light, optics and colours. He read the works of Robert Boyle, Robert Hooks and even René Descartes to motivate himself. He studied the refraction of light by passing a ray of sunlight through a kind of prism, which split the ray into separate colors that reflected a rainbow. Over the course of a few years, in a series of elaborate experiments, Newton discovered measurable mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of color. . In 1672, Newton sent a short summary of his color theory to the Royal Society of London, but this only led to a series of criticisms in the publication that hurt him greatly and perhaps interrupted his studies at Cambridge. But in 1704 Newton published Opticks, which explained his theories in great detail. Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation are by far the most important scientific works of his life. After his criticism of light and optics, Edmund Halley, a British astronomer and mathematician, went to discuss orbital motion with Newton. Newton was already attracted to universal gravitation so, thanks to Halley's visit, Newton returned to those studies. Over the next two years, with the help of German astronomer Johannes Kepler's laws of orbital motion, Newton formulated his three laws of motion. And from these three laws, Newton derived the law of universal gravitation which explained that all bodies in space and on earth are influenced by the force called gravity. Probably Isaac Newton's greatest book is Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica which he published in 1687 explaining his theory of universal gravitation. Principia, as most people call it, is definitely a turning point in the history of science. Newton's three laws of motion are: 1) an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless an unbalanced force intervenes