Crime rates, particularly violent crimes such as murder, rape and robbery, peaked around 1991 and 1992, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports. Major crime themes of that time included drug abuse and the war on drugs, still some remnants of the crack cocaine epidemic of the late 1980s, and the rise of youth violence in the late 1980s. In addition to these, laws such as the Brady Bill continued to emerge as a public policy that drew attention to the issue of gun violence, and other issues tended to be emphasized by the Bush administration, such as the exclusionary rule, the death penalty , habeas corpus and the insanity defense. Community policing developed at the grassroots level in the early 1980s, emerging from community policing demonstration projects often funded by the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Community policing was born out of a rejection of traditional policing practices in the 1970s, largely as a result of various studies that found that long-standing assumptions in policing did not hold up to scrutiny. An article written by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling published in an edition of Atlantic Monthly in 1982 led to the broken windows theory. This theory holds that when people no longer care about their community, the conditions of that neighborhood often send signals to people that no one cares. This causes disorder and minor crimes to go unnoticed, which will lead to more serious crimes. Once disorder begins to take hold and minor crimes become common, the neighborhood eventually decays and becomes crime-ridden. The key to fixing broken windows is for police to target these minor crimes… middle of paper… rain sessions are typically held at the state and regional levels and use curricula designed by the Community Policing Consortium which reflect knowledge gained from initial work with a range of police agencies and leaders. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 allocated funds to add 100,000 cooperatives to support the concept of community policing to be added to state and local agencies across the United States. The policy allowed these officers to be hired at 75 percent for three years of an officer's pay and benefits and allowed for funding of technology, personnel support and training. The bill also allowed for the use of technology and staff support that would allow an officer to work on the street, which officially counted as adding a police officer among the redeployment aspects of the bill..