Topic > Integration in “Recitatif”: Joining Binaries to Reveal…

When critics analyze Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif,” they often highlight the racial ambiguity and binaries that the tale displays. However, most critics ignore Morrison's tendency to explore a middle ground between the binary and why he creates this seemingly “unnatural” space. Examples of this middle ground can be seen when Morrison asks what is between "black" and "white" or what is between Helane Androne's "motherlessness" and "motherpresence" binary. It also questions topics that are non-binary but essential to the text, such as that between Kelly Reames's "sexual mother" and semi-binary "religious mother." Morrison seeks to take things that are essentially separate by design, or institution of society, and merge them to create and reveal the small difference between the supposed opposites. This allows society to remove labels and address seemingly taboo topics such as race, parenting, and sexuality. While Shanna Benjamin has done extensive research into this topic by identifying the space that exists between binaries as “interstitial space,” my goal is to delve deeper into this place to truly discover what process is occurring, what outcomes this process creates, and how and why Morrison does this. Using the term “integration,” which is not the space between signifiers but the process and place where things merge and lose their distinctions, I seek to demonstrate that Morrison explores this space of intermediation to reveal social meaning by emphasizing the Integrated Maggie who often becomes the melting point and offers the necessary integration. Integration takes seemingly disparate topics, which normally serve in separate arenas, and merges them to create something that speaks to cultural assumptions and limited issues of society. Integration is not simply ambiguity, or the multiple meanings that a text can take on, but