CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUNDWhat is LNG and what are the benefits of liquefaction?Natural gas is a major source of energy, but many cities and towns that need energy are located far from gas fields. Transporting gas via pipeline can be expensive and impractical. Therefore, natural gas is condensed into a liquid at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure (maximum transport pressure set at approximately 25 kPa) cooling it to approximately -162°C (-260°F) in the liquefaction process. It is therefore called liquefied natural gas (LNG) and characterized as a cryogenic liquid. LNG is a clear, colorless, non-toxic liquid that can be transported and stored more easily than natural gas because it takes up up to 600 times less space. Natural gas is composed primarily of methane, but can also contain ethane, propane, and heavier hydrocarbons. Small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds and water can also be found in natural gas. However, the liquefaction process is also beneficial in another sense as it removes some of the non-methane components such as water and carbon dioxide from the natural gas produced to prevent them from forming solids when the gas is cooled to LNG temperature or cryogenic temperature. Furthermore, harmful and corrosive acid gases will also be removed to ensure the integrity of the pipes and systems and avoid difficulties downstream. As a result, LNG, which typically consists mostly of methane and a higher percentage of hydrocarbons than natural gas, will have a higher value. Additionally, LNG achieves a greater volume reduction than compressed natural gas (CNG), which reduces the gas volume by approximately 200 times. So, with the same energy content as a given amount of natural gas, LNG has a higher value... middle of the paper... http://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/lng/LNG_introduction_07. php http://www.ngvc.org/pdfs/Anga_Infrastructure_LNG_Full.pdf http://total.com/en/energies-expertise/oil- gas/trading-shipping/fields-of-expertise/transportation-storage/rigasification https ://www2.bc.edu/~sonmeze/LNGTransshipmentPDF.pdf http://www.gastechnology.org/Training/Documents/LNG17-proceedings /8-7-Augusto_Bulte.pdf https://server1.tepper.cmu. edu/Seminars/docs/Erkut_Sonmez_LNG_paper.pdf http://www.petronas.com.my/our-business/gas-power/wgc/Pages /Malaysia%E2%80%99s-First-LNG-Regasification-Terminal.aspx http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/heating-values-fuel-gases-d_823.html http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2011 /09/valori-termici-del-gas-naturale/ energy value of the mixture of gasAPPENDIXSABC
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