Pension Adjustment is important to study for several reasons. First, the face of retirement is changing due to the aging of the baby boomer group and the large group of people who will retire in the coming decades. The proportion of the population reaching retirement age is higher than it has ever been in the history of the United States, and is expected to double by 2050 (Jacobsen, et al., 2011). Furthermore, people live much longer and, consequently, more years after retirement (Alley & Crimmins, 2007). Therefore, people live as retirees for a larger part of their lives. In particular, people can expect to live four to five years longer after retirement than in 1950 (Board of Trustees, 2010, table VA). This difference is projected to further increase by another two years by 2050. As more people enter retirement years and experience retirement longer, these longer periods spent in retirement years lead to more nuance in how people retire (Ekerdt, 2010). ). These models include increasingly popular trends such as nonretirement and bridging retirement (Alley & Crimmins, 2007; Maestas and Caws, 2007; Wang, Adams, Beehr, & Shultz, 2009; Quinn, 2010; Wang, 2013). One issue that needs to be studied in retirement is how people adapt to this significant change in their lives. Pension adjustment has been broadly conceptualized as “a person's positive retirement experiences” (Atchley, 1999; Donaldson, et al., 2010, p. 280). In recent years the concept of this transition to retirement life has become a focal point in the media and academic literature (Wang, Henkens, & Van Solinge, 2011). Although early retirement researchers often consider retirement…middle of the paper…eligibility will be more likely to exhibit consistent levels of retirement adjustment variables across the measurement interval; and finally, f) those who are more optimistic will be more likely to show consistent levels of pension adjustment variables across measurement intervals. It is also hypothesized that direct and indirect effects occur in these relationships. Specifically, the relationship between personality variables and retirement adjustment will vary as a function of psychological and physical health, income, and marital status. Furthermore, age, gender, ethnicity, and education will be systematically controlled for in the analysis, as demographic variables have been shown to influence both personality stability (Löckenhoff et al., 2008) and retirement-related outcomes (e.g., Belgrave, 1988; Howard et al., 1986 Pienta, 2003;., 2009).
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