For millennia, human beings have wondered about the existence of supreme beings. The origin of this all-too-human longing for such divine entities stems in part from our desire to grasp the truth of the cosmos we inhabit. A part of this universe surrounds us physically and, at the end of our lives, consumes us entirely, and so we return to where we came from. Yet there is another, arguably more eternal, part of the cosmos that, in one sense, is separable from the transitory material world we so easily perceive but which, in other ways, is inextricably linked to it by unexplored and divinable forces. The argument of Aristotle's Metaphysics is not that this worldview is provable or refutable; the simple fact that we are able to reason about abstract objects without having to perceive them is sufficient evidence of this order. Rather, Aristotle attempts to address some of the most fundamental questions of human experience, and at the heart of this inquiry is his argument for the existence of an unmoved mover. For Aristotle, all things are caused by motion from other things, but the unreasonableness of this proceeding endlessly means that ultimately there must be an ultimate mover that is itself immobile. He not only successfully lays out this argument, but also explains why it must be true for anyone who believes in the ability to find truth through philosophy. Book XII of the Metaphysics opens with a clear statement of its goal in the first line of Chapter One: to explore substances, their causes, and their principles. With this idea in mind, the first chapter outlines the three different types of substances: eternal, sensible substances; perishable and sensitive substances; and immovable substances. Are sensible substances in the realm of natural science......middle of paper......the ultimate cause of everything? While its minor problems are solved easily enough, Aristotle's argument for the unmoved mover is based on an unknown premise of stability: philosophy. At the heart of the matter is the very nature of philosophy itself and its ability to address questions of any scope. If everything is knowable, and philosophy is the path to knowledge, then everything must be knowable through philosophy, however the paradox ad infinitum faced by Aristotle shows that the weakest part of his argument is the fact that it is based on the characteristics of philosophy mentioned above. . If any of these are wrong, his proof collapses and the timeless God he believes in goes along with it, but if they are all right, then there is one God, immobile and actual, for as Aristotle says: “The rule of many are not good; let there be only one sovereign" (1076a).
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