This is a case study of the cognitive, physical, identity, social, and moral development of a seven-year-old girl who is entering second grade. For the purposes of this study, the participant will be referred to as Elsa. He belongs to a traditional, married family consisting of a mother and father. He also has a four-year-old younger brother. The mother is employed full-time in an optical clinic and the father has a full-time job at a local transport company. The father has a degree in sociology. Elsa's family has a nice blend of cultural backgrounds. Her father is African American and her mother is of European descent mixed with cultural norms from Hawaii. They identify as a single race with variations in skin tone. Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development. The first is sensorimotor and refers to children aged between 0 and 2 years. At this stage, children acquire object permanence (memory). They are gaining knowledge from experiences through physical interaction. Next is the preoperative phase which lasts from two to six or seven years. During this stage, children are considered self-centered and do not possess logical thinking or reversibility. Plus, magic feels real at this age. Moving forward we come to the third stage of Piaget's list of cognitive development. The concrete operational phase usually occurs between the ages of seven and eleven. Characteristics of this stage include the ability to form logical sequences of concrete objects. The last is the fourth phase, formally operational from twelve years of age and up. This level may never be achieved for everyone, however it is characterized by the ability to think abstractly. Another important concept to understand when talking about cognition is metacognition. According to Snowman, this is the ability to think about where a person will plan to learn, monitor what they are leaning on, then evaluate what Erickson theorized in 8 stages of psychosocial development. One stage I will focus on is when children aged six to eleven are developing a sense of industriousness or inferiority. According to Erickson, when children are praised for doing their best and encouraged to complete homework, an industry can be born. This leads to positive academic outcomes. A child's effort to successfully complete a task helps form a positive self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept is your sense of who you are while self-esteem is whether you like what you see in the mirror (Snowman). Inferiority occurs if a child is treated as annoying and his or her efforts to complete a task are unsuccessful. This sense of inferiority can result in a lack of pleasure in intellectual work and lead to the belief that one cannot be good at anything. This leads to low self-esteem and self-concept