• IntroductionThe current situation in Iraq is the product of the interaction between the country's institutions and the effect of the international community. The period between 1865 and 1914 is considered a crucial historical period in Iraq's history, where numerous political, social and economic changes accumulated and shaped the country for years to come. This article will attempt to discuss one aspect of these changes, namely the formation of new urban centres, the changes that have occurred in existing cities and the migration of people from rural to urban regions. This article is part of a larger project, which will discuss the effects of the economic institution that emerged in that period (rentier economy) and of the very unstable political institution that has characterized the country since the post-war period and up to today. Before diving into describing the changes that occurred during that period, I will discuss some of the most important schools of thought in political and global economics, and which position will be adapted in this article.• Theoretical FrameworkInternational Political Economy (theories) (Hoogvelt 1997)1) Realism: gives primacy to units (nation states), where they continuously interact and compete with each other. The international arena is dominated by the anarchist vision, where units are in a constant state of struggle with each other to gain power. Therefore, states will use their power to influence the market and other states. However, the international arena is based on hegemony and balance of power between states. This theory is very similar to the writings of Hobbes and his idea of ​​survival of the fittest, struggle for power and balance between the stronger majority… middle of paper… ranked youth; and a broader conflict began to emerge between the basically urban poor youth and the frustrated masses in general and between the burcrats as representatives of foreign powers. Not surprisingly, the sociopolitical changes that occurred came from the sons of landowners, who found themselves able to acquire positions in the military. Thus, the increase in the number of state employees, the increase in social classes that could not advance economically due to the state rent economy, the domination of landowners and merchants over the economic system, the increase in anti- economy Imperialist notions had intensified over time until the 1958 revolution, which ended the British-backed monarchy and began the Republic of Iraq, a nationalist and socialist one-party state of Aran. The economics of rent. Conclusion