Question 5- Explain the difference between formal (or procedural) equality and substantive equality. Formal equality is known as formal and legal equality. This is equality which is seen as a single law that should apply to all people, social and personal characteristics are not a factor. Formal equality aims to distribute equality equally and equally and aims to treat people equally. Formal equality does not guarantee the well-being of individuals based on race, ethnicity, gender, age, etc. Unfortunately, this side of equality does not recognize diversity and is insufficient to promote social inclusion. Although it may give the illusion of equality and justice, in reality it creates inequality and ends up discriminating against individuals (EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 2004). Substantial equality is defined as fairness in the sense that equality also implies the recognition of differences. when they are becoming disadvantaged (Cheyne, O'Brien, Grave, 2008). Substantive equality looks at the roots of inequality and identifies them, even if this involves removing barriers that disadvantage individuals. There is no guarantee of the outcome that can be produced, but individuals have equal opportunities. This model of equality recognizes differences and diversity and can take them into account. Formal equality and substantive equality are two very different forms of equality. Formal equality does not recognize difference, while substantive equality takes into account sex, race, ethnicity, etc. Substantive equality offers opportunities for outcome and can recognize different situations or circumstances, while formal equality applies a one-size-fits-all rule to all people so that it does not allow for any different rights of a citizen. Works Cited Capeheart, L., Milovanovic, D. (2007). Social justice: theories, problems and movements. USA: Rutgers University PressConte, J., Landy, F. (2010). Work in the 21st century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (3rd ed). USA: Wiley and Blackwell PublishingsCheyne, C., O'Brien, M., Belgrave, M. (2008). Social Policy: In Aotearoa New Zealand (4th ed). Australia and New Zealand: Oxford University PressFour Kinds of Justice. (2002-20120. Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/explanations/trust/four_justice.htmEU Charter of Fundamental Rights. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/index .php ?p=quickcite Models of Equality (2007) Retrieved from http://www.equalityrights.org/cher/index.cfm?nav=hr&sub=mod.