The Social Construction of Reality by Berger and Luckmann and The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Irving Goffman analyze human interaction in the context of the actions we take and the meanings that such actions take place in social settings. I will analyze Goffman's account of the modification of the “self” through performance in the context of the Berger and Luckmann hypothesis. The theatrical performance metaphor examines how socialization and experience influence the use of faces, expressions, and utterances. Berger and Luckmann explain that everyday life is presented to the public as a reality interpreted through typifications that constitute the fabric of social meaning. Goffman focuses on social interactions as dramaturgical performances that exhibit both “given expressions” and “issued expressions” within social sites constituted by “front-stage” and “back-stage” environments. In both perspectives, acting solely for the sake of acting is not possible. All actions are social performances that convey impressions of “self” to other actors in society based on past experiences and typifications. Berger and Luckmann offer a treatise on the social construction of reality that outlines how we formulate the idea of “self” in social society and how reality itself is socially constructed. “Knowledge must always be knowledge from a certain position.” It is our social position that guides our perceptions of reality and allows us to embrace our idea of “self” within reality. Everyday life presents itself as a reality interpreted by others and subjectively meaningful because of such interpretations. Goffman offers the same argument at the micro-sociological level. He states: "the information about the part... in the middle of the paper... we will act as such to maintain expectations. Providing a micro-level analysis of the "self" through theatrical dramaturgy, Goffman provides an adequate account of how modification of the “self” occurs through performance. Taking parallel theories and ideas, each author builds on the other's arguments and Goffman provides sufficiently detailed examples of social development through performance to satisfy Berger's treatises and Luckmann's account. the arguments of Goffman, Berger and Luckmann work best when combined, giving us the greatest understanding of the “self”. Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann: a treatise on the sociology of knowledge. Anchor Books, 1966. Print.Goffman, Erving. Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
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