IndexIntroductionMetalsGlassPlasticCeramicsWoodStoneVinyl FinishesRubberIntroductionIt is important for the Executive House Keeper to understand the different types of hotel surfaces to decide how to best care for them. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Hard surfaces are found in different forms in different areas of hotels. In order to keep hard surfaces, their composition, type or variant in good condition, it is advisable for House Keeping personnel to know the optimal cleaning and maintenance procedures. Their cleaning and maintenance plays an important role in the facility's cleaning and maintenance program. The types of surfaces commonly used in hotels are metal, glass, plastic, wood, stone, granite, terrazzo, rubber, linoleum etc. These surfaces cover a large area and are subject to great wear. It is important that the floor surfaces chosen for an area relate to the purpose of that particular area. Some areas may require durability and hygiene more than appearance, for example the kitchen, while in some areas such as the lobby, appearance and durability are both important. The various types of surfaces used in hotels depend on the following points: Requirements of the area Comfort requirements of the area Number of steps on the area Convenience in cleaning the surface Life expectancy of the floor surface Available money Metals Metals constitute in whole or in part part many systems and accessories, furniture and surfaces. The most commonly used metals are silver, steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum and iron. Metals are used in door and window finishes, wall panels, light fixtures, restaurant cutlery, kitchen utensils, accessories and guest room furniture. Most metal surfaces will oxidize, scratch or rust if not treated or protected with a sealing agent. Most metals are plated with a precious metal usually silver. Silver This is a soft, malleable and ductile metal that occurs naturally in the earth. It is a white metal that is unaffected by water, pure air and most foods. Gives a brilliant shine when polished. Silver-plated items are made from blanks or bodies of a nickel silver or nickel silver alloy. These are immersed in a complex solution of silver salts and by electrolysis, the silver is transferred into the blanks and an electrolytic article is obtained. This process is known as EPNS or electrolytic nickel silver. Silver plated items can be re-plated but are expensive as the old deposit must be removed for any treatment or repairs and this makes re-plating expensive. Oxidation of silver is due to the action of sulfur compounds or food products such as eggs, onion juices, pickles etc. This tarnish is not removed by simple washing but requires special treatment: In this method the silver items are placed in a hot bicarbonate solution together with a perforated aluminum sheet (Polvit Sheet). A chemical reaction occurs that removes the oxidation, moving the sulfur onto the aluminum. The silver is washed in boiling water and dried with a lint-free cloth. A silver immersion solution is a liquid chemical mixture. This solution tends to work on stainless steel. It should only be used on glass, terracotta or plastic terracotta. The silver is quickly removed and rinsed in warm running water and then dried. Proprietary preparation This is a complex mixture in emulsion, paste or powderrubbed on the item, polished and followed by washing and drying with a polishing cloth, for example Silvo.Steel is corrosion resistant steel obtained by adding chromium to the iron and carbon alloy. Stainless steel is used to make cutlery, serving dishes, sanitary ware, furniture etc. Stainless steel is used to make cutlery. It also contains chromium and nickel and is hardened by cold working such as pressing and stamping. Stainless steel is a durable material, durable metal with metal polishing. However, it is not scratch resistant. Chromium steel is made by coating steel with chromium. Chrome steel is used for the production of faucets, bathtub handles, shower accessories, etc. Galvanized steel is steel that is coated with zinc to prevent oxidation. It is used to make buckets. Chromed steel and galvanized steel are cleaned or washed with a synthetic detergent and rinsed in running water. It is then polished and left to dry. Copper This metal is used for wall coverings, shelves, bowls, vases and even kitchen and serving utensils, cutlery, etc. Copper is cleaned by washing the item in warm water with detergent. It is then rubbed with a mixture of salt, vinegar/lime juice/tamarind. The item is then cleaned with warm water and immediately dried to avoid any water marks. In the case of cookware and serving utensils, it is cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent and then dried immediately. Except for cookware and serving dishes, all other copper items can be polished with a proprietary polish. Brass Brass is cleaned by washing the brass object with a detergent and plenty of running water. The tamarind/lime is rubbed together with salt which works as an abrasive and left to dry. It is washed with a solution of detergent and water, dried and then applied a proprietary polish, for example brass, polished with a polishing cloth. If the utensil is used for eating, the utensil should be washed with detergent and water to remove all traces of polish. .BronzeBronze is best cleaned by washing it in water and detergent. The bronze piece is then dried and a proprietary enamel is applied. Aluminum Aluminum is a light, malleable and ductile metal. It is used in the production of kitchen utensils, insulating wires, lighting fixtures, window frames, blinds. Aluminum is not oxidized by air/moisture but is damaged by soda and other alkalis as well as by the action of acids. Aluminum is cleaned with the help of detergent and running water. Mild abrasives can be used to remove difficult stains. IronWrought iron is an example of wrought iron, which is iron shaped by heating in a fire and hammered into shape. Cast iron is a hard alloy of iron, carbon and silicon cast in a mold. Unenameled cast iron is flame and oven resistant. The iron should be washed only when necessary and then washed thoroughly. Galvanized iron requires regular washing. Any rust on the surface can be removed with steel wool moistened with oxalic acid. To promote long life, the iron should be coated with oil or black lead. Glass Glass is a transparent, shiny and fragile material, made up of silica or sand to which other chemicals are added depending on the quality or type of glass required. Glass is used for many uses such as tableware, kitchen utensils, bottles, vases, lamps, windows, mirrors. The glass surface requires regular dusting. Light marks can be cleaned with a solution of vinegar and water. Stubborn marks can be removed with methylated spiritdiluted. The glass is then cleaned with newspaper. Dry the glass with a lint-free cloth. Plastic materials They are used to produce tableware, hardware such as protective films on metals, wood, etc. They can be produced as long filaments and woven into fabrics. Plastic can coat fabrics. They have great resistance, poorly absorbent, easy to clean and quick to dry.TypesPlastics are of two types depending on their properties.1. Thermosetting plastic materials2. Thermoplasticstermosetting Plastics: These are hard plastics shaped by heat and pressure and do not soften when heated EG.MelaminePhenolicslaMinatestHermoplastics Lessics of PolyspropolyenspolyeSpespysPolyespose Polyspropolynepyspropynes -Acetens chlorideadvantages olivinyl plastics are light in weight.Resistant to most chemicals.Resistant to wear.Not They are conductors of electricity. They are easy to clean. They are mostly non-absorbent. They are resistant to pests. Plastic is cheap compared to other metals. All types of plastic are easy to clean and maintain. Simply dust and wipe daily with a mild detergent and duster followed by washing and drying with a duster. Food marks can be removed by adding baking soda to water followed by thorough washing. Ceramics Ceramics are made from sand and clay, and different proportions and types of clay are mixed with other ingredients to produce different types of ceramics of the quality required for floors and walls. drain pipes, sinks, sinks, pots, vases, kitchen utensils, tea cups and saucers, etc. Ceramics Earthenware Stoneware Bone China Porcelain Glazed Vitrified Types of Ceramics Earthenware This is a thick, heavy and porous material, made of clay and fired. It is used to make jugs, bowls, vases, ashtrays, etc. Terracotta must be handled with care as it chips and breaks easily. Terracotta Glazed earthenware Vitrified earthenware Stoneware Porcelain Bone China Vitrified earthenware Terracotta Wood Wood is obtained from trees obtained from nature. Wood has different degrees of hardness with many uses, different colors and different grains. Being porous, it absorbs water and dust. It is also subject to attacks by fungi and parasites. Types of Wood Wood is divided into hardwood or softwood depending on its strength and resilience. Hardwood Obtained from deciduous trees. The most common woods are teak, oak, ash, beech, birch, walnut and rosewood. Hardwood does not dent easily and is used in the construction of floors, walls, furniture and fixtures. Hardwoods are expensive and nowadays are used as a veneer on softwoods.SoftwoodIt is obtained from coniferous trees. The most popular woods are pine, fir, cedar and rubber wood. These are lightweight, cheaper and subject to wear. Softwood is used in the construction of subfloors, ceilings, joists and furniture. Wooden panels They are lighter than wood, treated for long life and are cheaper than solid wood planks. Hardboard Is a thin, flexible board made from wood pulp fiber. They are smooth on one side and have a mesh structure on the other. Hardboard is used to make door panels, cabinet or wardrobe supports, drawer bases, floor tiles, etc. Plywood is made by gluing thin sheets of hardwood. Plywood is very strong but can be shaped during its making. It can be made attractive by the use of laminates or veneers. Plywood is used to make tables, desk shelves, worktops, etc. Blackboard It is made of plywood veneers.