Topic > The Human Genome Project - 1453

Embedded deeply within our bodies is our complex biological history. The Human Genome Project is the exploration of this intricate but crucial story. The genome is the complete set of genes that make up an organism. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxynucleic acid) which is subsequently made up of long paired strands. These paired strands attach in a specific way, for example, adenine (A) attaches to thymine (T) and cytosine (C) to guanine (G). The genome is the puzzling key that instructs cells to do their thing. Cells interact with each other to create tissues. Tissues connect to each other to create organs. Organs work together to produce an organism. The first fully completed human genome was completed and published in April 2003. It took nearly decades to complete and required the crucial and vigilant attention of hundreds of scientists in dozens of countries. The entire Human Genome Project (HGP) cost over three billion dollars. HGP researchers decode this genome in three different ways. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute (nd par 5) it is by determining the order, or "sequence", of all the bases in the DNA of our genome; create maps showing the location of genes for major sections of all our chromosomes; and produce what are called linkage maps, complex versions of the type that originated in early Drosophila research, through which inherited traits (such as those of genetic diseases) can be traced over generations. Knowing the sequence that makes up the genome is the main goal of genome sequencing. The individual letters of DNA are only eight or ten atoms wide which in turn are all grouped together in a cluster. To decipher this sequence, scientists must first attempt to separate the long strands of D... in the center of the paper... playing "God" with the course of nature, manipulating our genome in order to prevent catastrophes. For this reason, ethical, legal and social issues must be addressed and revised to fit regulations that can work simultaneously with each individual specific requirement. ResourcesCrowston, Sara L.(1999). The human genome project. http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students99/crowston.htmFact Sheet on Genetic Discrimination. (n.d.). Fact sheet on genetic discrimination. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from http://www.genome.gov/10002328#al-4Genetic Information Discrimination. (n.d.). Genetic discrimination. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/genetic.cfmRayl, A.J.S., et al. "Genetics in the new millennium". MINNESOTA MONTHLY. August 1999:112-124Associated Press. “Unregulated genetic testing can be flawed.” Tribune of the Stars. September 21st., 1999.