Human beings must make decisions from childhood, but the complexity of the decisions to be made or the circumstances preceding a decision vary from simple personal decisions to being in a group that makes business decisions. Individual decision making involves arriving at the decision on a personal level without involving outside people or making the decision independently of an outside or group perspective. This is the common method of making decisions and has been observed to be effective when input from external parties is not needed or in circumstances where a person may find themselves in need of an immediate decision to deal with a particular situation. For example, a person driving a car must make decisions about what actions to take while driving along the road regarding compliance with driving laws and how to respond to the actions of other road users. In this situation, an individual uses intuitive decision making (Cottrell, 2009) which is based on the experience he or she has had. According to Buchanan and Huczynski (2013), the quality of an individual's decisions can be influenced by how he or she perceives the surrounding circumstances in a given situation. This process falls under the “rational decision-making model” whereby an individual rationalizes and makes a decision based on rational circumstances. For example, a manager might be asked to decide whether to punish or pardon an employee who made a mistake, but his or her decision is based on the circumstances of the event. If two managers independently evaluated the situation, one person might decide to punish while another might decide to pardon because it will depend on the personal interpretation... middle of paper... of the decisions one may make and their consequences. An example of how this decision making process can be used is when a jury is unable to make a common decision primarily due to group polarization, one of the jurors may play devil's advocate by presenting an argument from the opposing "other" perspective at that the rest of the group is concentrating on helping him make a decision. According to Berniker and McNabb (2006) the dialectical inquiry method can also be used by a group to help it make a decision. In this methodology, two alternatives are presented to the group for evaluation and are discussed and then the group evaluates the two options and chooses whether to choose one or combine them and use it as the final solution to the debate. This decision-making process closely mirrors the devil's defense method.