Communication is a human activity in which information is transmitted through the exchange of messages, thoughts, concepts, ideas, emotions or information in the form of speech, writing, signals, images or behavior between two or more individuals. However, when this task is not performed properly by the parties involved, disagreements and issues tend to heat up. Basically, one of the main causes of conflicts and arguments between individuals is misunderstanding. It is a communication phenomenon that people often encounter in life. When two individuals disagree with each other, they often create negative statements or assumptions about the other. Misconceptions exist for many reasons. It can be between friends who misinterpret one's statement about the other. This can also happen between a family member and a parent who has unintentionally yelled at his or her child. Furthermore, it can happen between couples who have had a disagreement about a certain decision to be made by both. It may be a man who got annoyed when he was bumped into by another man who was rushing to the office. In fact, misunderstanding can happen to anyone, anywhere and at any time of the day. Aside from understanding, misunderstanding involves various observable facts such as mutual knowledge, identification of references, misunderstanding, intercultural communication, conversational inference, and contextual clues (Bazzanella and Damiano 817-836). It is important to know where it comes from and how to manage and avoid it to strengthen personal and social relationships and avoid arguments between individuals. According to research, there are five levels that can be recognized as potential objects of misunderstanding, namely: 1) phonetic; 2) syntactic; 3) lexical; 4) ...... half of the paper ...... each, the speaker must practice the ability to avoid distractions and concentrate on what he has to say so that the listener can fully understand it. Thirdly, the speaker must talk about himself and not about the interlocutor. Instead of focusing on the flaws, motivations, or misdeeds of the interlocutor or opponent, the speaker must describe his or her own perceptions and feelings so that the same message is conveyed. For example, a speaker may tell his opponent that he felt disappointed instead of blaming the opponent for breaking his promise. Finally, the speaker is encouraged to speak for a purpose as it is important that the reason for communicating is taken into consideration, as well as the most understandable way to do so (Burgess). Indeed, misunderstandings are prevalent due to our individual differences, but they can be prevented when we are able to compromise.
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