Topic > Kohler and Gestalt Psychology - 853

Psychology is a very broad area. It is the study of human behavior and mental processes that is used to explain why we behave, feel and think a certain way. There are many schools of thought developed by various theorists to explain human behaviors from different perspectives and understandings. One of these would be known as Gestalt psychology. This in psychology implies principles that tend to describe the way in which people tend to organize their visual perception into groups and see it as a whole. There are some contributors in this area and one of them is Wolfgang Kohler, an American psychologist educated in Germany. He was born in Estonia in the year 1887 to parents of German descent. According to an article written about him, his world was only for educators. His family consists of a school teacher, educators, and scholars (Kohler: In the Beginning,” n.d.). Growing up, he was not only interested in the field of science, but also in music and outdoor activities (“Kohler: In the Beginning,” n.d.). He attended the universities of Tübingen, Bonn and Berlin. He received his PhD in Berlin, where he abandoned psychoacoustics under Karl Stumpf (“Wolfgang Köhler,” n.d.; Zawidzki, 2004). Kohler married in his early twenties and was the father of four children. Few details exist about their marriage, but subsequent events suggest that all was not well (Schultz & Schultz, 2004). After receiving his doctorate, he worked in a psychological institute in Frankfurt (1910-1913) with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka. This was the beginning of Gestalt psychology (“Wolfgang Köhler,” n.d.; Zawidzki, 2004). Since Gestalt psychology was the study of perception, he pursued his ideas through research on animals, intelligence, and problem solving. He rejected any difference in intuition between animals and homosapiens. However, Edward Thorndike criticized his conclusion and stated that animals learn through a process of trial and error which in this case would be through rewards and punishments (Hothersall, 1995). In conclusion, many of the psychologists and theorists who contribute to the development of Psychology leave a significant impact that will be carried forward into the future in any school of thought. This discipline can be used to measure and describe why we perceive such things in a way that can be explained by the concept of perceptual organization. Gestalt psychologists believed that a person's behaviors and perceptions were shaped by past phenomena or antecedents one had already encountered at some point in one's life..