American conservationism and environmentalism have spurred new social and governmental attitudes toward the land and natural resources, reflecting early- and mid-century values, respectively 20th century. With the conclusion of the Progressive Era and the beginning of the American countercultural movement in the 1960s, the United States' approach to the environment shifted from conservation and management to regulation and forced protection, showing the impact of a changing American consciousness of the environment. Although environmentalism and conservationism both promote responsible human stewardship of nature, the movements vary in their core ideologies. Specifically, conservation is rooted in the economic value of nature while environmentalism seeks to protect the environment from humans. Conservation was born in the early 20th century, between the Progressive Era and the Second Industrial Revolution, and while it encouraged the sustainable use of resources, many of its efforts and practices were actually implemented to benefit humanity. Conservationists called for the control of some wild animals for recreational and economic uses such as hunting and food and were not concerned about the ecological consequences of their efforts. Gaining popularity in the 1960s, environmentalism pushed for ecological sensitivity and protection of the environment rather than its exploitation for economic gain. Environmentalism sought government regulation of wildlife in the late 1960s and 1970s to limit human manipulation of nature. Environmentalism also led to the growth of environmental protection groups that advocated a symbiotic relationship between humans and the environment. Although environmentalism and conservationism are both… at the heart of the paper… environmental movements. In particular, political pressure to minimize government regulation, budget constraints affecting all areas of public spending, and doubts about the existence of climate change will require innovative strategies to continue protecting the environment. Works Cited Carson, Rachel. Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962.Hardin, Garrett. “The tragedy of the commons”. Science 162, no. 3859 (December 13, 1968): 1243-48.Hayes, Denis. "The beginning." In Earth Day—the Beginning: A Guide for Survival, edited by Environment Action, 480-83. New York: Bantam Books, 1970. Mercante, Carolyn. American environmental history: an introduction. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Worster, Donald. “The value of a noxious.” In the Economy of Nature: A History of Ecological Ideas, 258-90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.