Nemko offers some practical solutions for underachieving students: apprenticeship programs, short career preparation programs at community colleges, on-the-job training and military service. He advises parents of those going to college to consider price since quality is not equated with college costs and prestige is not as significant in the real world. Finally, he argues that some bright students don't need college to succeed in life. It offers a large list of non-college graduates who have become famous and successful. His main point is found in the last 3 sentences of his essay: “College is like a chainsaw. Only in certain situations is it the right tool…..” Nemko's essay appeals to logos with plenty of facts and common sense reasoning. He also uses his position as a longtime school counselor to appeal to authority