An example of this type of environmental damage is acid rain. The costs of tackling pollution are difficult to estimate, but they are funded by the public in an effort to improve the environment. However, recycling saves energy, as it also reduces pollution released by factories and multinationals. At every point in time that energy is used, the cost of producing pollution is authorized by energy consumers in their utility statements. This has led to the new Clean Air Act, which utilities must adhere to with stricter standards in reducing pollutants released into the air during energy production. The price of consensus usually depends on energy consumers. Additionally, assembling products from recycled raw materials can conserve energy. From the author of Waste, Industrial Ecology, and Sustainability, Marian R. Chertow writes: "The energy required to produce an aluminum can is equal to the energy contained in the amount of gasoline needed to fill the can halfway" (Cothran 28). When energy is used, processes such as recycling reduce the pollution created. Along with any product, prices for cleaning up waste and limiting emissions are passed on to consumers who purchase the items from the store. For everyone this reduces costs in terms of spending