As outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, recent observable changes in Earth's climate may be correlated and linked to human activities over the past few centuries. Our massive use of fossil fuels contributed up to 56.6% of the greenhouse gases emitted in 2004, as shown in the figure below (1). This heavy dependence on fossil fuels has encouraged the use, research and development of new alternative energy sources such as coal. seam gases (CSG) which have reduced greenhouse gas emissions. CSG is made by drilling into the pores of coal seams and then using water to fracture and open pores in coal seams that contain high levels of methane. After this fracturing process the pressure inside the well is reduced and the methane together with the water rises to the surface where it can be collected and distributed as needed. (2) The focus of this report is the associated water that is recovered from coal seams, the effects it can have on the environment, and the treatment methods currently used to combat the impact on the environment. The main area of ​​concern with CSG is the water byproduct that is produced during the fracturing of coal seams. In Australia, an average of 300 gigalitres of water are extracted from aquifers and reservoirs every year through the CSG. As highlighted by the Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM), the long-term impacts on the environment are unknown and there is little research in the area. (3) A recent article published by scientific bodies also shared the same concern regarding the unknown effect of CSG water. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published an article studying the effects of CSG in Pennsylvania, New York. Research has shown that methane… middle of the paper… can handle high levels of salinity and elements. Ponds pose a greater risk to the environment as they concentrate levels of elements which can then contaminate surrounding areas. Reinjection is only feasible if the water is first lightly treated to match underground aquifers, and if the water is already too concentrated in elements it will require high levels of treatment such as RO. Costs were factored into the evaluation, however reinjection is only a new and recent technology implemented in the CSG industry, so costs were impossible to find. Reverse osmosis was expensive, however it provided greater efficiency and allowed water to be reused for any application. In meeting the challenge of CSG water treatment, the most important criterion was to preserve the environment where reverse osmosis is the most effective.