Benito Mussolini, the late dictator of Italy, was nicknamed IL Duce which translates to "the leader". During Mussolini's reign as dictator of Italy, he aimed to restore the country to its former glory. Benito Mussolini's doctrine of fascism influenced his economic and political decisions regarding Italy in various ways. Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 in Predappio, Italy. His full name was Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini. Alessandro, his father, was a blacksmith and Rosa, his mother, was a school teacher. Mussolini's father was politically a socialist, but his son soon separated himself from his father's ways. In 1912, Mussolini was appointed director of the socialist newspaper Avanti!. Mussolini eventually became unemployed due to his support for Italian intervention in World War I. After the end of the war, Benito Mussolini founded a group of veterans known as Fasci di Combattimento which can mean "Union for the fight", "Combat Union", or "Fighting League". In 1922 Mussolini commanded what he called the “March on Rome”. He ordered thousands of fascists to take control of Rome. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy appointed Mussolini prime minister before the march could take place. However, Mussolini did not officially become dictator until the year 1925. He had previously compromised with parliament until he declared himself dictator of Italy in January 1925. Mussolini's doctrine of fascism is a spiritual concept that emphasizes the The importance of man using all his energy and being aware of all his problems. It also describes that man can form and shape his own world through his free will. Mussolini also states: "Only war brings all human energies to maximum tension and places the seal of nobility on... middle of paper... Ussolini." October 25, 2012. http://history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-mussolini (accessed April 27, 2014).Hart, B.H. Lindell. History of the Second World War. New York: Sons of G. P. Putnam, 1970.History.com Staff. “Benito Mussolini”. 2009. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/benito-mussolini (accessed 27 April 2014) Holt, Sol and O'Connor, John R. Exploring World History. New York: Globe Book Company, Inc.; 1975.Mussolini, Benito. Doctrine and institutions of fascism. Rome: Ardita Editori, 1935.7-42Smith, Steve. “Mussolini”. http://history1900s.about.com/od/people/a/Mussolini.htm (accessed April 27, 2014). Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History: Modern Times. New York: Glencoe/ McGraw Hill, 2003.Trueman, Chris. “Benito Mussolini”. Site for learning history. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/benito_mussolini.htm (accessed April 27, 2014)