During this process of discovery there have been many questions that have guided the scientific community towards the search for answers. One of the first questions was "how does the embryo take shape and differentiate to become an organized organism?". This question began to be answered in 1924, when H. Spermann and H. Mangold published an article in which they described their experimentation with newt embryos. They discovered this by taking the dorsal lip and transferring it to the ventral side of a new embryo; it would form a new embryonic axis by instructing surrounding cells to undergo neutralization and dorsalization alongside a pre-existing embryo (Spermann & Mangold, 1924). The reason this had such large implications was because it demonstrated that the removed portion was the organizer of the embryo, dictating the fate of each cell and ensuring the formation of a correct axis. However, soon after this discovery, the next question became “how does the organizer decide the fate of the cell and create the embryonic axis?” In 1995, Levin and Johnson and colleagues began studying the chick embryo, with particular interest in the genes surrounding the node, including Sonic Hedgehog. Through the use of in situ hybridization, fluorescent cell labeling, implantation of activin beads between the endoderm and ectoderm, followed by implantation of an SHH-expressing retrovirus or a control cell pellet that served from control (Levin & Johnson et al, 1995 ). This led to the discovery of nodal cells in the chick embryo, which Levin concluded may be responsible for asymmetry in heart formation (Levin & Johnson et al, 1995). He also found that activin expressed on the right side and SHH expressed on the left side led to the reversal of organ asymmetry and that it was a casc... in the middle of paper formation, and hopefully from this we get further understanding of other early embryological processes. These findings have also led to an understanding of how axis formation can go awry and how to best address it from a clinical perspective. Current knowledge has raised many questions regarding the cilia found in the node. How do cilia know to turn clockwise to beat? Is it possible to change it counterclockwise somehow? What determines their posterior inclination? Do all species create flow in the left department in the same way observed in mice? Do they also use cilia or are there other methods used by different species? There is still much to discover about the formation of the left-right axis, and with current knowledge and technological advances, it is hoped that gaps in current knowledge will be filled to allow advances in other embryological processes..