Ans-1 Social Determinants of Interpersonal Violence Relatively high rates of violence have been reported over the years among members of some racial and ethnic groups and among urban dwellers. African Americans and Native Americans have relatively high rates of aggressive interpersonal violence and homicide. Large cities continue to experience high rates of violence, concentrated primarily among young black males in the United States. Immigrant groups, especially second and third generation ones, have higher rates of crime and violence than the more privileged and settled ethnic groups who moved around the world earlier. US. The idea that particular ethnic, racial, or class groups have high rates of violence because of their cultural values ​​has also become a key concept that links and embodies many challenging theories of interpersonal violence. The uneven possibility of violence is believed to be entirely understandable for dysfunctional people who belong not only to maladjusted families but also to defective or peculiar cultural or racial contexts. For example, violence among blacks is higher in single-parent families headed by women ( Sampson et al., 2005 ). Considering personal relationships such as those with family, friends, intimate partners, and peers can also influence the risk of becoming a victim or perpetrator. of violence. For example, a poor relationship with parents and family, having violent and violent friends can influence a young adult to get involved or become a victim of violence. Psychological violence that includes intense and repetitive humiliation, control of the partner's actions or behaviors; through psychological stress, pressure or manipulation leads to impairment of the individual. Male domination... at the heart of the document... increased homelessness, poverty, overcrowding, breakdown of family structures and loss of social support, all risk factors for mental disorders. An increasing number of people around the world are exposed to armed conflicts, wars and disasters, leading to migration, displacement, homelessness and poverty. People exposed to violence are more likely than others to suffer from mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, which could lead to drug and alcohol abuse and increased suicide rates. Stigma towards some mental health disorders in certain cultures and age groups (psychiatrist consultation for depression in older age groups), lack of knowledge in identifying psychiatric illnesses and the risk of over- or underdiagnosis of Mental illnesses are some of the major public health challenges in the global burden of mental illness.