But what does that include and what else do they do? In addition to caring for patients, nurses often observe patients, help run laboratory tests that take place in the workplace, advise patients on how to manage pain and even how to administer medications. Registered nurses also often consult with doctors and fill out paperwork for a patient's job or medical history. Generally, registered nurses obtain certification by earning a bachelor's, graduate, or diploma from a certified nursing program. Additionally, nurses must take a test to become licensed. Without a license, nurses cannot practice their profession. Most nurses who choose to earn a diploma or degree decide to also earn their bachelor's degree in nursing. Once a student has earned their nursing diploma/degree, they can expect to work all hours because nurses are needed twenty-four hours a day. If an employer is not open all hours, a nurse has a better chance of working “normal” hours. Even so, many employers offer flexible schedules and vacation time off. However, some nurses work "on call", where they can be called at any time if they are