October 31, 1517 was the beginning of the Reformation when Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Roman Catholic Church and published them in Wittenberg, Germany. The Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three main branches of Christianity. Luther had far-reaching political, economic, and social effects. But the main question is: why was Martin Luther able to successfully challenge the Church of its religious and political authority? After considering the main reasons why Luther was able to challenge the Church, it seems that the circumstances were in his favor and at his disposal at that time. To confirm this hypothesis three circumstances will be examined to make it correct. The reasons behind Martin Luther's decision to post the Ninety-Five Theses on the church door because the churches lied to the good people who wanted to follow the word of God. For the Roman Church, the word of God was altered and made up of lies that they only benefited the authority of the church. The Church sold indulgences that made people believe they were payment for their sins. Many other wrong things were told to people. They were unable to understand or correct these lies because they were spoken in the Latin language. The local population spoke German and was not educated to understand. In 1517, Pope Leo X announced a new round of indulgences to help build St. Peter's Basilica. That was the last of Martin Luther's many stirrings of anger and it was then that he decided to post the Ninety-Five Theses on the church door. Being Martin Luther, he was not only a priest but also a professor of theology who started the Protestant Reformation. .... middle of the sheet ...... since it was a period of international political relations linked to the temporal power of the Church. The support of others gave credibility and approval to each of the actions and limited the Church's ability to react. Religious politics understood the speed and form of the Church's response and was able to stop it. In conclusion, Martin Luther was able to successfully challenge the Church after many others had failed because the circumstances were in his favor and available to him at the time. . This is due to the help of the printing house for providing the theses to Europe in a short period of time, to Duke Frederick of Saxony for helping Luther hide from authority, and to nationalism for being able to limit the ecclesiastical form by acting against of him. Furthermore, Martin Luther was able to continue to live with the title of initiator of the Reformation.