The science that deals with the study of materials or any particle so small and measured on the nanoscale is called “nanoscience”. The study of very small particles and their chemical and physical changes at the nanoscale is not an easy task. Nanotechnology studies the big picture of those tiny particles, manipulating them to advance new devices and materials. The name “nanotechnology” was coined in 1974 (Nowack & Bucheli, 2007). But the concept of manipulating nanoparticles has existed for centuries, mainly in examples of workmanship: the Lycurgus cup from the 4th century, the Damascus saber blades from the 13th-18th century, and so on (Miller et al., 2013). The introduction of nanotechnology was expected to bring multiple benefits to society in many areas such as energy production and conservation, pollution remediation, and medicine. The danger that is associated with this beneficial science must be understood before their use becomes prevalent. Environmental scientists who are concerned about organismal health and environmental risks are researching and accessing the toxicity, distribution, and fate of nanoparticles released into the environment. The properties of nanoparticles can have a negative impact on the environment. The surface effects of nanoparticles are both favorable and unfavorable. When exposed to tissues or cells of the body they are adsorbed on their surface, therefore they are widely used in the medical field for drug administration (Nowack & Bucheli, 2007). By crossing the cell membrane or entering the bloodstream, nanoparticles can affect other organs. Another important property is high solubility which is advantageous and reduces toxicity, but there are some nanoparticles that do not dissolve easily or degrade... middle of paper... assay-dependent phytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Environment. Sci. Technol, 43(24), 9473-9479. doi: 10.1021/es901695cTitley-O'Neal, C. P., Macdonald, B. A., Pelletier, E., Saint-Louis, R., & Phillip, O. S.(2011). The relationship between imponex and tributyltin (tbt) concentrations in strombus gigas from the British Virgin Islands. Marine Science Bulletin, 87(3), 421-435. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2010.1093Wang, F., Gao, F., Lan, M., Yuan, H., Huang, Y., & Liu, J. (2009) . Oxidative stress contributes to silica nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells. In vitro toxicology, 23, 808-815. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.04.009Xu, F., Piett, C., Farkas, S., Qazzaz, M., & Syed, N. I. (2013). Silver nanoparticles (agnps) cause cytoskeletal degeneration and disrupt the synaptic machinery of cultured cortical neurons. Molecular brain, 6(29), 1-15.