Almost all energy in one form or another can be traced back to solar energy and is harnessed in many different ways. Solar cells represent the most direct way to convert incident solar radiation into electricity, this process is also known as photovoltaic. Solar cells produce no pollution, no noise and contain no moving parts, making them durable, reliable and long-lasting. The natural light we enjoy from the sun and see every day is only a fraction of the total energy emitted by the sun incident on the earth. The visible portion of sunlight comes from only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. [1]Fig. 1. The solar spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum, as a function of wavelength, frequency and energy. [2]Due to the nature of solar energy, the two components needed to have a functioning solar power generator are a collector and a storage unit. The collector's job is just that, to collect the radiation that falls on it and convert a fraction of it into other forms of energy, usually electricity. Storage is necessary due to the inconsistent nature of solar energy; the weather and time of day affect the amount of radiation that can be received. The storage unit retains excess energy produced during periods of maximum productivity and releases it as needed during periods of low energy production. The most common type of collector is the flat-plate collector, a series of solar panels arranged in a plane. The performance of these collectors is directly related to their size, cleanliness and the amount of solar radiation to which they are exposed. [3] Photovoltaic systems available on the market today have an efficiency of only around 15%. [4] New technological advances have recently produced a solar cell with an incredible... half of paper... power can be decreased by increasing the series resistances or decreasing the shunt resistances.Fig. 9. Photovoltaic IV characteristics influenced by non-ideal resistances. The resistors used to produce Figure 9 did not change the VOC or ISC values ​​because as RSH decreases, the VOC value also decreases and ISC remains unchanged. An excessive increase in RS can lead to a decrease in ISC, while VOCs remain constant. The more drastic the deviations from ideal form, the more dramatic the changes in ISC and VOC become. The internal resistances can be approximated by the absolute value of the V/I slopes of the current voltage curve at VOC and ISC, as shown in Figure 10. The slope of the VOC curve is proportional to the series resistance RS at best, but generally is greater than RS. The slope of the V/I curve at ISC is a much better estimate for RSH.