Cultural dimensionsCultural dimensions are developed by the Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede. The framework aims for a better understanding of the cultures, values ​​and behavior of its members. The theory is based on extensive surveys conducted by IBM in the 1970s and studies how workplace values ​​are influenced by culture. Hofstede found clear patterns of similarity with people from the same country and differences between different countries that can be organized into the following dimensions: Individualism versus collectivism (IDV) Refers to the strength of bonds that people have with others within the community. People in individualistic cultures focus primarily on themselves and their direct relatives. Membership in groups is optional and is not considered essential to one's identity or success. People in collectivist cultures represent a preference for a tightly knit structure of group memberships. A sense of self comes from belonging and role in a group, such as one's family, tribe, or team. Group members are relatively close but distant compared to non-group members. This dimension reflects whether people's self-image is defined primarily in terms of "I" or "we." Power Distance Index (PDI) This dimension expresses the accepted and expected distribution of power. In cultures with low power distance, people expect to participate in decision making. Leaders' decisions are more democratic, and power and responsibility are shared among people. The leader's decisions can be questioned and discussed. Cultures with high power distance accept a hierarchical order in which everyone has a place that needs no further justification. People accept the centralized decisions of their leaders and tend not to ask questions or argue... middle of paper... most people have great respect for social conventions and traditions as absolute truth and a strong desire to seek personal stability and quick social rewards. With a pragmatic orientation, people accept that it is impossible to understand the full complexity of life and seek virtues more than absolute truth. In pragmatic societies people accept contradictions, adapt according to circumstances and have the ability to save and invest and have perseverance in achieving results. Indulgence versus Moderation (IVR) This dimension describes the pursuit of happiness and hedonic behaviors. Indulgence refers to a society that allows for the relatively free gratification of human desires and related needs and allows one to enjoy life and have fun in a hedonistic way. Moderation indicates societies in which rewards are regulated by status and rigid social norms.