Since the end of the Cold War, new international challenges have emerged. States face threats to their security and well-being, such as terrorism and intrastate conflicts. Where international conflicts once consisted of major global wars pitting the world's most powerful nations against each other, we now see states attempting to resolve the conflict before the situation worsens. War is costly in many ways and can leave a country in ruins and its people physically and psychologically injured. States use various conflict management and resolution techniques to end deadly fighting or prevent its occurrence. Bargaining is a widely used tool in international relations. It is used, hopefully, to prevent two actors from engaging in a war. Bargaining is defined as the negotiation of the terms of an agreement. The two sides first make demands. If they don't like the details of the requests, either side can reject them and eventually both sides will reach an agreement. Bargaining always involves interdependent actions because the decisions made by one actor will almost always depend on the probable or actual decisions of the other actor (Van Der Windt, 2011). Since effective bargaining can prevent war, war can be said to be the result of failed bargaining. In Rationalist Explanations of War, James D. Fearon suggests that war is a “costly lottery” in which both sides must decide whether going to war is worth it. the losses they will suffer (Fearon, Rationalist explanations of war, 1995). Bargaining theory states that there is always an interval, called the bargaining interval, in which it would benefit two actors to negotiate rather than go to war. The bargaining radius is determined by “the relative power of both… half of the paper… and the problems emerging in the world. In 2012, the UN published a report on “strengthening the role of mediation in the peaceful resolution of disputes” (UN, 2013). Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon stated that mediation had been very effective in resolving disputes and conflicts in all regions and that more resources would be needed to “support the expansion of the Organization's range of initiatives” (UN, 2013) . Since the current ad hoc mediation system is not organized, it would be beneficial to the world as a whole to establish an institution that focuses exclusively on mediation. According to Gregg and Diehl, “peacekeeping missions also began as largely ad hoc operations” (Greig & Diehl, 2012). With this in mind, it is easy to see how mediation as a conflict management tool has the potential to work hand in hand with peacekeeping to maintain international peace and security..