The Great Depression was a period of early decline in the economic movement. It occurred between the years 1929 and 1939. It was the worst and longest economic collapse in history. The Wall Street stock market crash started the Great Depression; it had terrible effects on the country (United States of America). When the stock market began to fail, many factories closed production of all types of goods. Businesses and banks began to close and farmers went bankrupt. Many people have lost everything, their jobs, their savings and their homes. More than thirteen million people were unemployed. The Great Depression brought about major political changes. Three years into the Great Depression, Herbert Hoover lost the 1932 presidential election. Two months after the stock market crash, stockholders lost more than fourteen million dollars; fell by more than 40%. It continued to decline; it is down nearly 90% from its 1929 highs. Before the crash, the 1920s were known for the Roaring Twenties, parties, extravagant clothes and music. It was the decade when people knew they spent money, they weren't afraid to spend it. But when the banks began to collapse, that is, when people began to panic and try to get their money back, millions of Americans lost fortunes. This caused companies to lose their values ​​and could no longer afford to stay in business. William C. Durant joined the Rockefeller family and other financial giants to buy large stocks to demonstrate to people their safety in the market, but they failed to stop the price decline. According to the Globalyceum website, the gross domestic product of the United States was in 1929 $103.6 billion, in 1930 $91.2, in 1931 $76.5, in 1932 $58.7, in 1933 $56.4 . The total size of the American economy, held back by gross local product, suddenly fell following Wall Street's collapse from $103.6 billion to $66. This led whites to dismiss blacks, as conventionally employed. Racial wage differences (black wages averaged 30 percent lower than white wages) caused African Americans to participate in the Great Depression on harsher terms than whites. Finally, New Deal policies included tragic penalties for blacks. As the Great Depression significantly reduced job opportunities for blacks in the North, the pace of black emigration from the South slowed significantly during the 1930s. The Great Depression, however, increased the number of African American migrant workers. “The Great Depression also saw African Americans enter the ranks of organized labor in unprecedented numbers. The formation in 1938 of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, an outgrowth of the American Federation of Labors Committee for Industrial Organization established in 1935, was crucial to this development.”